Symptoms of cervical cancer don’t often begin until the cancer becomes larger and spreads. However, the first identifiable symptoms are likely to include:

Vaginal bleeding

Sometimes, cervical cancer mimics menstrual bleeding. One may notice a longer or heavier menstrual cycle than usual or spotting or bleeding between periods. Bleeding that seems different in any way should be discussed with your healthcare provider.

Pelvic pain

Another sign to watch out for is pain in the pelvic region. Some may also feel pain in their back, particularly in the lower back. This may also include a sharp pain or pressure, located anywhere around the lower abdomen (below the belly button).

Vaginal discharge

Vaginal discharge is normal. However, the type of discharge possibly related to cervical cancer can look red-tinged from small amounts of blood. It can also look pale, watery, brown and have a foul smell.

Pain during sex

Some people experience pain during intercourse, or some bleeding afterwards. If you experience this, be sure to visit your healthcare provider.

It’s important to note that these signs may also be a sign of something else, unrelated to cervical cancer. So always check in with your healthcare provider before assuming or diagnosing yourself, Choma.

Risk factors

Many sexual partners

The more sexual partners you have, the greater the chance of you catching human papilloma virus (HPV), which is the leading cause of cervical cancer.

A weakened immune system

You may be more likely to develop cervical cancer if your immune system is weakened by other health and lifestyle conditions, such as HIV/AIDS, Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or smoking.

Prevention

HPV vaccination

If you think you’re at risk for cervical cancer, it’s important to ask your healthcare provider about the HPV vaccine. Receiving a vaccination to prevent HPV infection may reduce your risk of cervical cancer and other HPV-related cancers.

Pap smear test

It’s important to go for routine pap smear tests (once a year). Pap tests can detect pre-cancerous conditions of the cervix, so they can be monitored or treated to prevent cervical cancer. Healthcare providers suggest beginning routine pap tests at age 21 and repeating them once a year, regardless of whether you’re sexually active or not.

Practice safe sex

Using a condom every time you have sex and limiting your number of sexual partners can reduce your risk of cervical cancer and prevent STIs. 

The key to early detection of cervical cancer is for you to become familiar with your own body and be aware of what’s normal to you. This should include regular health check-ins with your healthcare provider.

Read more on facts around cervical cancer, the link between HPV and cervical cancer, and other cervical cancer risks. 

Remember, if you or a friend need advice or help, you can contact me here on Ask Choma, send a Facebook message or a Twitter DM, or a WhatsApp Message (071 172 3657)