Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can pass from person to person through several types of contact. Because not all STIs have symptoms, the best way to protect yourself and your partner is by using condoms every time you have sex. Here’s more.

What are STIs?

STIs are infections you can get if you have unprotected vaginal, oral, anal or skin on skin sexual contact with someone. While some STIs can be treated, others can be more serious. STIs can have different signs and symptoms, or no symptoms at all. That’s why they can go unnoticed until you’re diagnosed.

How STIs are transmitted

Direct contact with an open cut in the genital area.

Contact with vaginal fluid or semen- through unprotected sex (vaginal, anal, and oral).

Sharing of needles.

Transmission from mothers to infants- through pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding.

Certain STIs such as gonorrhoea, chlamydia, HIV and syphilis can be passed from mothers to their infants. All pregnant women should be screened for these infections throughout their pregnancy journey.

Other STIs, such as herpes, can pass on via direct skin-to-skin contact, as well as oral, anal, or vaginal sex. They can also be transmitted from the mouth to the genitals during oral sex. STIs such as HIV and hepatitis can transmit through contact with infected blood, when sexual partners have open sores, or when people share needles.

How to prevent STIs

Using a condom or dental dam: These can greatly reduce the risk of direct contact with a sore or fluid that carries an infection.

Using water-based lubricants: Oil-based lubricants can cause condoms to break- that’s why it’s important to only use water-based lubricants. You can get these at your local clinic or at pharmacies.

Regular STI tests: Regular screening is important, especially before having sex with a new partner.

Getting vaccinated: Getting vaccines that protect against hepatitis and HPV is always a good idea.

Avoiding drug and alcohol use: These substances can increase your risk of unprotected sex.

Consider male circumcision: For men, there’s evidence that circumcision can help reduce the risk of catching HIV by 60%.

Consider using Pre-Exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): PrEP is a course of HIV medication that’s taken by HIV-negative people (who are at high risk) to reduce their chance of getting infected with HIV.

How STIs are treated

The best treatment for STIs depends on the type of STI. Treatment may relieve symptoms, prevent an outbreak, or cure the infection. It’s important to remember that an STI can still be passed during treatment, so always use a condom during your treatment course.

If you suspect that you have an STI, don’t panic but contact your healthcare provider immediately. Most STIs require prescription treatment. It’s important to follow all treatment steps and always protect yourself and your partner by using a condom.

If you or a friend need advice or help, you can contact me here on Ask Choma, send a Facebook message or a Twitter DM, or a WhatsApp Message (071 172 3657).