An intrauterine device (IUD) is a long-term method of contraception. This small device sits inside the womb- it prevents pregnancy by stopping sperm from getting to an egg and fertilizing it. There are two main kinds of IUDs, the hormonal and non-hormonal IUD.

Hormonal vs non-hormonal IUD

Hormonal – The hormonal IUD releases a hormone that causes the mucus in the cervix to thicken. This stops sperm from reaching an egg. It can take a week to start working and remains effective for 3 to 5 years. In addition to blocking sperm from reaching the egg, hormonal IUDs thin the uterine lining, and prevent ovulation.

Non-hormonal – This is commonly known as the copper IUD. The copper in the device kills sperm before it reaches the egg. This IUD can last for up to 10 years.

The main difference between the two types of IUDs is that one type releases hormones and the other doesn’t.

How do copper IUDs work?

A non-hormonal IUD is a small piece of flexible plastic shaped like a T, that has copper wrapped around it. These IUDs can last for years, but they’re not permanent. If you decide that you want to get pregnant, or you don’t want to have the IUD anymore, your healthcare provider can take it out in their consulting room. After the removal of the IUD device, your fertility goes back to what’s normal for you.

Benefits of non-hormonal IUDs

The copper IUD is good at preventing pregnancy, and it’s hormone-free. It’s a good option for people who prefer non-hormonal birth control or can’t use methods with hormones because of medical reasons.

The copper IUD is unique because it can also be used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. If you get one inserted within 120 hours (5 days) after having unprotected sex, it’s more than 99.9% effective against pregnancy.

If you’re not pregnant already, the IUD insertion can take place at any point during your monthly cycle. It’s not necessary to wait for a period to start or end.

Disadvantages of non-hormonal IUDs

Non-hormonal (copper) IUDs could make your periods heavier or cause severe cramping for some people, especially in the first 3-6 months. For many people, these side effects get better once your body gets used to the IUD. If you use it for a few months, there’s a good chance the side effects will ease up.

It’s normal to have some cramping during your period with a copper IUD. But if your cramps are so severe and over-the-counter medicine doesn’t seem to help, it’s best to talk to your healthcare provider. If you’re experiencing pain or cramps when you’re not on your period, this can be a sign that your IUD has moved. Visit your healthcare provider as soon as possible as you won’t be protected against pregnancy if it’s been moved.

The copper IUD is also not recommended for people who have a copper allergy. You can check this with your healthcare provider before insertion.

IUDs are one of the most effective and convenient ways to prevent pregnancy, but they don’t protect you from sexually transmitted infections. Remember to use a condom every time you have sex to lower the chance of getting or spreading STIs.

If you or a friend need advice or help, you can contact me here on Ask Choma, send a Facebook message or a Twitter DM, or a WhatsApp Message (071 172 3657).