All Things TB (Tuberculosis)

What is TB?

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs but can spread to other organs. It is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or spits. People who are immunocompromised are more susceptible to contracting Tuberculosis.

Symptoms of TB include:

• A persistent cough
• Chest pain
• Fever
• Chills
• Weight loss
• Night sweats

Not everyone who becomes infected with TB develops symptoms. This condition is called latent TB. People with latent TB do not feel sick and do not have symptoms, but the bacteria remain in their bodies and can become active later, especially if the immune system becomes weakened.

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV and is also a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance. Immunocompromised individuals are encouraged to undergo regular screenings. If someone tests positive for active TB, a healthcare provider will prescribe a combination of antibiotics for a period of six to nine months to ensure that all the bacteria are eliminated.

Preventive measures include:

• Washing hands regularly and thoroughly
• Covering your mouth when coughing (for example, coughing into your elbow)
• Avoiding close contact with infected individuals

Tuberculosis is treatable with medication but can be fatal if left untreated.

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